Impactos do manejo florestal na fauna em florestas tropicais uma aproximação metanalítica

Abstract

Tropical forests have suffered great impacts, which are caused by various anthropic activities. Due to the enormous extension of selective logging and the expected increase in these areas, there is a growing number of studies that seek to understand the effects on flora and fauna, as some taxa seem to be sensitive to selective logging with reduced impact. However, if, on the one hand, logging potentially affects fauna, it is possible that a planned extraction, one that is carried out through forest management, can mitigate the possible impacts on animal populations. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate, through a meta-analytic approach, the possible effects of forest management on fauna in tropical forests. For this, literature searches were performed in bibliographic databases, in Google Scholar and Scielo. All dissertations, theses and articles published in the last 21 years were included for the construction of the database. The works on the following faunal groups were selected: beetles, lepidopterans, ants, birds and mammals. Studies evaluating the effects on bird richness indicate that bird species richness in exploited areas was on average 86% of the species richness detected in control areas. The mean effect sizes on species richness of beetles, mammal ants and lepidopterans were not statistically significant between managed and unmanaged areas. The number of studies that compared the abundance of birds, beetles and ants between explored and unexplored areas was insufficient to carry out statistical analyses, as they obtained a sample size of less than 3. The size of the effect on mammal abundance indicates similarity between managed areas and unmanaged. Despite increased research, the effects of selective logging on fauna in tropical forests are still not well understood.