Realidades e perspectivas sobre o plano de resíduos sólidos na cidade de Manaus.

Abstract

This research aimed to analyze the reality and perspectives on the Solid Waste Plan in the city of Manaus. Over the years, several laws have been created aiming to protect the environment, such as Law no. 6,938 of August 31, 1981, which provides for the National Environmental Policy (PNMA), in balance with the protection of socioeconomic development, starting to act in the educational, technological and sanitation areas. With the advent of this law, the environment began to be protected and supported, being considered a public asset with a view to collective use. The Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil (CRFB/88), established in its article 225, the environment as a common good for the people, essential to the quality of life, and that both the Public Power and the community have the duty to preserve it for present and future generations. The development, implementation and evaluation of these public policies are fundamental to environmental sustainability. In 1998, Law no. 9,605, known as the Environmental Crimes Law, which provides for criminal and administrative sanctions arising from conduct and activities harmful to the environment. Subsequently, Law no. 11,445/2007, which defined basic sanitation as the set of services, infrastructure and operational facilities for water supply, sewage, urban cleaning, urban drainage and solid waste and rainwater management. This Law is considered one of the milestones that highlight the importance of adequate waste management. Thus, almost 20 years after the beginning of discussions on waste management, the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS) was established, through Law no. 12,305/2010, regulated by Decree no. 7,404/2010, which represents a national landmark in relation to environmental issues, as it establishes, through shared responsibility, the obligation on the part of both the Public Power and society to properly dispose of their waste. In terms of public policies aimed at research, it is noteworthy that the state of Amazonas enacted Law n. 4,457, even late, which establishes the Amazonas State Solid Waste Policy (PERSAM), in accordance with the guidelines defined in Law no. 12,305/2010 which established the PNRS. The year 2014 was the deadline for closing landfills according to what was established in the PNRS, which should be replaced by landfills or other environmentally appropriate technologies, however, this goal was not achieved by the majority of Brazilian municipalities. Therefore, the research concluded that this scenario of final disposal of solid waste in the city of Manaus is a major problem for both human beings and the environment, which involves the construction of a sanitary landfill located in a Preservation Area of Tarumã, where it has been the target of criticism, as an open dump in this region can cause several environmental problems, in addition to affecting the safety of aircraft flights that use Eduardo Gomes International Airport. The scientific method adopted was deductive, in terms of means, the research was bibliographic and documentary with consultation of doctrine, legislation, jurisprudence, periodicals, magazines and public documents and, in terms of purposes, the research was qualitative.