Características florais e suas síndromes de polinização associadas no sub-bosque de terra firme na floresta nacional de Tefé, Alvarães, Am

Abstract

The Amazon rain forests still a place that lack research on biodiversity and ecosystem, especially studies with pollination. This study aims to identify the floral characteristics and pollination syndromes occurring in the under story of the National Forest Tefé, in an area of Terra-firme forest. Bimonthly samples were made in the months of November/2013 to September/2014. Understory plants with flowers or fruits were collected. They were identified to species and probable pollination syndromes, based on morphological characteristics. In FLONA – Tefé, they were founded 95 morpho-species, belonging to 31 families. The most representative families were Rubiaceae with 14.7% (N=14 species), Melastomataceae 13.7% (N=13), Piperaceae with 9.5% (N=9) and Araceae 8.4% (N=6). As for pollination syndromes, the syndromes most frequent were entomophilous with 63.8%. The melittophily occurred in 33% (N=40) of the species, "small insects" occurred in 15.8% (N=15), ornithophily at 8.4% (N=8), anemophily in 5.3% (N = 5), cantharophily/miiophily 4% (N=7), miiophily 2.1% (N=2), psychophily 2.1% (N=2) and melittophily/psychophily, ornithophily/psychophily, chiropterophily occurred in 1.1% (N=1), each. As for the floral characteristics the predominant color was greenish flowers (including cream and bege) with 25.3% (N=24), followed by white in 18.9% (N=18). Actinomorphic flowers were found in most species of 64.2% (N = 61), while 24.2% (N=23) had zygomorphic flowers. Individual pollination unit was more frequent with 52.6 (N=50), while the coletive pollination unit was 24.2 (N=23) species. Abnormal corollas, tubular and rosettes showed higher frequency, however a wide range of forms corolla. The under story had a high variety of floral traits and pollination syndromes associated with them, demonstrating a high diversity of flora and pollinators.