Bioatividade da CEPA Amazônica do fungo Pycnoporus sanguineus no controle do pulgão que ataca o feijão-de-corda

Abstract

Aphids are small phytophagous insects, sucking, can cause great damage to various crops, bringing production and economic losses to the farmers. The increased use of synthetic insecticides to control this pest, causes serious damage to the environment. Thus, the use of natural compounds, less aggressive to the environment and potential for exploitation by small farmers is an alternative for the control of aphids. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of extracts fruiting bodies of Pycnoporus sanguineus in control of Aphis craccivora Koch (1854) (black aphid), which attacks Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis L in properties of small producers of Parintins-AM region. Fruiting bodies of P. sanguineus were collected in the periurban region of Parintins (AM), dried outdoors and ground in a knife mill. Crude extract of this material was obtained using as extractors aqueous and ethanol solvent subsequently evaporated in a rotary evaporator, and prepared concentrations 1mg/ml, 5mg/ml and 15mg/ml. For solubilization of the aqueous extract was used only distilled water; for solubilization of the ethanol extract was first used to dimethyl sulfoxide solution (DMSO) supplementing the mixture with distilled water to the desired concentration.The aphids were collected from bean-to-string plantations of small producers of vegetables properties located in the suburban area of Parintins / AM municipality. Apical structures and leaves infested by insects were pruned, packed in styrofoam coolers, transported to the laboratory for biological tests. Three methods for measuring the percentage of mortality and efficiency of extracts were used: 1) Paper soaked in extract; 2) Spray end; 3) Plant material soaked in extract. The method of spraying showed the best result reaching 72% mortality in the concentration 15mg/ml (ethanol extract) in 48 hours period. The extract efficiency also showed 70,8% to ethanolic extract at a concentration of 15mg/ml. It follows, therefore, the potential of bioactive compounds in presents carpophorus of P. sanguineus for aphid control in vegetables. Keywords: Pycnoporus, Basidiomycetes, amazonian fungi, aphids, vegetables, natural pesticide