A degradação do solo por meio da erosão: principais agentes condicionantes e impactos socioambientais causados por voçorocas no lago do Zé Açu, Parintins-AM

Abstract

In recent years, soil degradation through erosion has Changes in both rural and urban environments, generating, from their effects, several Consequences for the social groups affected by such dynamics. In this sense, the present Main objective was to understand the main agents that Formation and development of gullies at the headwaters of Jará, located in Lago do Zé Açu, rural area of the municipality of Parintins-AM, and how specific to verify the classification The type and shape of these incisions; To describe the other erosive features found in And identify the main socio-environmental problems generated from this form of Soil degradation. For this, the study was based on the bases of the deductive method, where Used the following methodological procedures: Bibliographic survey; work of field; Microbiological analysis of water; Interviews with residents and the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and satellite images. With the results it was possible to Understand that the main conditioning agents for the emergence of gullies in the Area of study are: the high precipitation index of the municipality and its surface runoff And subsurface; The type of soil that has at its base a horizon with large Concentration of sandy material; The shape of the relief, since most of the slopes present Convex configuration with approximately 45 ° of slope, propitious to erosion; it's like One of the main agents, the use of the soil for extensive livestock practices, being the Deforestation of areas of riparian forest and trampling of livestock the initiators of the processes Erosive. Among the main socio-environmental damages caused by erosion, Abandonment of the land by residents, the constant occurrence of diseases such as diarrhea and Vomiting caused by the consumption of contaminated water that presented both Total Coliforms Escherichia coli, unfit for human consumption as a result of Fecal diseases and the death of several springs and fish affected by the silting that Increasingly close to the communities and may in the future interrupt the higher education Of the Lake of Zé Açu.