Efeito da aplicação de resinas e extrativos nas propriedades físicas da madeira de marupá (simarouba amara aubl.) E na inibição do crescimento micelial de gloeophyllum trabeum

Abstract

The use of traditional chemicals has been alarming the world because of the harmful effect of these products on the environment and human health. In view of this, new products are required, such as derivatives of extracts and essential oils from forest species that can act as natural preservatives for the treatment of wood. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of the application of resins and extractives on the physical properties of the wood and on the inhibition of xylophagous fungi. The jatobá and breu resins used came from commercial points in the municipalities of Parintins and Itacoatiara, and the geopropolis resin from Fazenda Carapanã-Açu, in the municipality of Rio Preto da Eva - AM. Subsequently, the physical-chemical characterization of the samples was carried out. For resin impregnation, ethanolic concentrations of 5, 10, 20 and 40% (w/v) and extractive at a concentration of 4% were formulated, impregnated in low durability wood (Marupá), evaluating the retention of extracts in the samples. Then, the physical properties such as shrinkage and water absorption were analyzed, as well as the evaluation of the fungal growth of Gloeophyllum trabeum in different tested concentrations. The impregnation and retention of extracts in Marupá wood showed satisfactory results, with higher concentration values being found. For wood shrinkage, slight reduction occurred in the tangential direction and volumetric shrinkage. Regarding water absorption, the 40% breu and jatobá resins and their mixtures with extractives were effective in waterproofing the wood, however, only jatobá resin guaranteed better results at the end of the test. In the fungal growth, the extractive and the combination of geopropolis + extractive promoted the inhibition of the brown rot fungus, these treatments demonstrate that they have compounds that are efficient in the tested fungus.