Levantamento de doenças em espécies frutíferas e florestais em sistemas agroflorestais no Estado do Amazonas

Abstract

Agroforestry systems (SAFs) are consortia of agricultural crops with tree species that can be used to restore forests and recover degraded areas. SAFs are reported as the best form of land use in the Amazon, reducing the pressure of deforestation and increasing crop diversity. The objective of this study was to survey the main diseases in forest, fruit and vegetable species in the community of Pau-Rosa, in the municipality of Manaus and in the communities of Randon 2 and Piquiá, Itacoatiara-AM municipality. At these sites, samples were collected from 12 families representing 25 botanical species that presented typical symptoms of diseases. The species observed with symptoms of diseases were: avocado (Persea americana), açaizeiro (Euterpe oleracea), andirobeira (Carapa guianensis), cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale), coconut tree (Cocos nucifera), cumaruzeiro (Dipteryx odorata), cupuaçuzeiro (Theobroma grandiflorum) (Citrus aurantius), lemon tree (Citrus limonum), papaya (Carica papaya), mango tree (Mangifera indica), maniaceira (Poraqueiba sericeia), guava (Paullinia cupana var. sorbilis) (Capsicum chinense), pepper (Capsicum annuum), pitangueira (Eugenia uniflora), peach palm (Bactris gasipaes), tomato (Lycopersicon sculentum), peppermint (Licania tomentosa), pepper ), tucumanzeiro (Astrocaryum aculeatum). The etiological agents identified in association with the symptoms of diseases in the botanical species described above were: Cylindrocladium sp., Colletotrichum sp., Cercospora sp., Corynespora sp., Ceratobasidium sp., Thanatephorus sp., Pestalotiopsis sp., Lasiodiplodia sp. Colletotrichum guaranicola and a bacterium that is in the identification phase, associated to an apical rot of the tucumanzeiro. The isolated etiologic agents were stored in Castellani, becoming part of the Collection of Microorganisms Phytopathogenic INPA. The botanical material with disease symptoms was collected and transported to the INPA Phytopathology Laboratory, where the causal agents were isolated and identified. Pathogenicity tests were conducted in the laboratory and in the field for unknown diseases (Corinespora depressive lesions on pepper fruit and apical bacterial rot in young and adult tucumanzeiro plants). Colletotrichum sp. was the phytopathogen most frequently found in association with diseases in SAFs, and was found in 33.3% of the hosts studied. In general, the diseases found were of low incidence, except for the witch-broom of the cupuaçuzeiro. Lack of proper crop management contributes to the onset of disease and reduced production.