Análise da estrutura e composição florística de uma floresta de terra firme na Amazõnia Central no município de Borba - AM

Abstract

The objective of this work was to analyze the structure and composition of a forest of Amazonian land, with the purpose of providing structural and floristic data of this forest, located in the Municipality of Borba-AM and compare this data with other studies also carried out in forests of Amazonian terra firme. Thus, from a database of a forest inventory of individuals with DBH ≥ 20 cm, occurring in an area of ​​51.5 (ha), the composition and floristic diversity analysis was performed using Shannon Wiener indexes (H '), Simpson Index (C) and Pielou Equitability (J), as well as determining the horizontal structure (Frequency, Density, Dominance) and vertical structure of the plant community. The structural parameters of the terra firme forest were calculated by the Mata Nativa System 4. In the section of sampled forest, 7370 individuals were found, represented by 270 species, distributed in 172 genera and 54 families. The Sapotaceae family presented the largest number of species (27) and individuals (687), followed by the Lauraceae family, with (655) individuals and 13 species. Among the species, the most important were Protium apiculatum Swart. (Red Breu) and Eschweilera odora (Poepp.) Miers. (Yellow Matamatá). The total basal area presented 853.37 m² / ha. The distribution of individuals by diameter classes follows the reverse J pattern, the predominance of individuals occurred in the first and second diameter classes, with 48.74% and 27.77%, respectively. The three species with the highest CVI values ​​were: Eschweilera odora (Poepp.) Miers., With 7.79% and Ficus anthelminthica Mart (6.71%) and Protium apiculatum Swart (6.54%). In relation to IVI, the three most important species were Eschweilera odora (Poepp.) Miers, with (9.32%), Protium apiculatum Swart., With (8,36%) and Maquira coriaceae (Karsten) with (8, 03%). Tree extract was classified as medium (16.22m to 25.99m), with 71% of individuals. The area specimen curve stabilized from 31 ha, indicating that the sample was satisfactory. The diversity obtained by the Shannon index (H ') was 4.62 with an equability (J) of 0.83, indicating high diversity and equability. The Simpson dominance index was 0.98, indicating low species dominance.